The island was a former coconut plantation and there is a long beach on the west side of the island. The southern tip of Marianne is known as a world class diving site. Sharks can often be seen around the island.
Marianne Island is currently uninhabited, but it is privately owned by the SeyBrew Brewery and is often visited by excursion boats, mainly because of its world-famous dive sites.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, agriculture and copra production was practised on Marianne. There was a former settlement called La Cour. In 1940 the island had 60 inhabitants.
There are several species of geckos on Marianne, including the La Digue Day gecko (Phelsuma sundbergi ladiguensis) and Phelsuma astriata semicarinata. It is said that the rare Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina) is occasionally sighted on the island.
It was also once the home of the extinct Seychelles Marianne's White-eye.